BLEPHAROSPASM
Benign essential blepharospasm (eyelid spasm) is a rare condition that causes increased blinking, involuntary spasms of the muscles surrounding the eyes, and an intermittent inability to open the eyes. The condition usually starts with twitching and progresses to severe spasms. Patients with this condition may eventually be unable to read, drive, or perform normal daily activities because they cannot open their eyes sufficiently.
TREATMENT
The treatment of choice for benign essential blepharospasm is periodic injections of Botox®. Botox® is a powerful drug that blocks the connection between nerves and facial muscles. It is injected in strategic locations in the eyelids and forehead. Botox® can significantly reduce or resolve spasms, but it works temporarily and must be repeated about every three to four months.
Some patients may not have an adequate response to Botox® or have a diminishing response over time. If this is the case, and the spasms continue to cause significant disruption, surgical myectomy may be an option. This treatment consists of excising some or all of the orbicularis oculi muscle in the upper eyelids, the muscle that causes the eyelids to close. This procedure has been shown to significantly improve blepharospasms. The risks include incomplete eyelid closure and postoperative bruising and swelling.
If there is any drooping of the upper eyelids or excess upper eyelid skin, ptosis repair or upper eyelid blepharoplasty may help improve visual clarity. These procedures may also be performed along with a partial surgical myectomy.
